Waterproof portland cement and process of making same.



106. COMPOSITIONS,

comma R PLASHC 'ments in Waterproof Cross Reference 9 3 8 V STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES McCOBMICR OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOB TO KERAMEC PORTLAND CEMENT 8:

na'rnmar. conrmr, or rnosmx, TERRITORY.

ARIZONA TERRITORY, A CORPORATION OF ARIZONA WATERPROOF PORTLAND CEMENT AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.

No Drawing.

'To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES MCCORMICK, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improve- Portland Cement and Process of Making Same, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention consists ina water roof Portland cement which, when made into'a mortar or concrete and allowed to set, is permanently impervious to water, and it consists, also, in a process of rendering Portland cement waterproof.

I Various methods have heretofore been pro osed for rendering mortar and concrete ma e of Portland cement water )IOOf, but all these methods have proven to c more or less unsatisfactory, since, independent of any question of their efficiency in waterproofing, it is necessary in practicing them to add the waterproofing ingredie hts to the mix (of cement, water, sand, etc.) at the time that the mortar or concrete is made. According to some methods, these waterproofing Ingredients are added to the whole mix, and in others the waterproofing ingredients are added only to that part of the mix which is to be used for external or finished surfaces. In any event, however, great skill is re uired in making the mix when said prior processes are practiced, and, if the best results are to be secured, the mixing of the mortar can not be intrusted entirely to ordinary workmen, but must be in charge of a person who has some knowledge of the chemical reactions involved, The cement which is hereinafter described, however, is produced at the Portland cement works and placed upon the market in such form that, when made into mortar or concrete in the ordinary way ('i. e., by the addition of water, sand, and aggregate), the mortar or concrete will be impervious to moisture.

Generically, the invention consists in introducing into the cement (1) a filler and 2) a v which will carry the er and difse same throughout the entire body of cement when the cement is in a semi-liquid or lastic condition, which vehi le, also, itse serves as a filler. More specifically, the invention consists in introducing into the cement in the dry 7 Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 24:, 1909- Application filed September '14, 1908. Serial No. 452,823.

state certain substances which will, so long as the cement remains dry, preserve their identity and undergo no chemical reaction, however, in the presence of water, be so changed either physically or chemically as to rovide both the filler and the vehicle.

he vehicle to be provided should be a colloidal substance which will readil penetrate the cement and diffuse itself-t roughout the entire mass, entering into and fillin up allthe-pores and voids (even the smallest% in the mortar or concrete which the cement hits been used to make. The vehicle must, a so, ever filler is rovided, so as to deposit the articles of ler within the ores and voids 1n the cement. The filler -s ould be a substance or substances possessing such fineness and water-repelling qualities that, when associated with the vehicle, the filler will give greater body to the whole void-fillingmass and insure complete and permanent impermeability in the resulting concrete when set.

Any substance which will answer the requirements set forth in the two preceding paragraphs of this ecification can be used.

Examiner be one which will readily carry whatlhe following ingre rents are recommended,

however, because they have proven to thoroughly satisfactory in every respect.-

v (1) The vehicle is produced by introducing into the cement roperquantities of c mml mmxig nmmwl a a T we, mthe presence of we r,reactguic fiflesulting in the formation of a copious co 01 a or jelly-like precipitate of aluminum hydroxid. The calcium hydroxid must be reasonably free from carbonates, though not necessarily chemicall pure. An other substanc which wi produce su icient quantities colloidal precipitates may be used, and other sulfates (like ferrous sulfate) may be substituted for all or part of t e'aluminum sulfate. Aluminum sulfate is referable,- however, both because the resu ting precipitate of aluminum hydroxid serves admirably 'as a vehicle, and because it is practically colorless, and, therefore, does not communicate to the mortar or concrete the dirty green tinge that would follow from the use of iron salts.

soapstone, or similar silicate mineral W1 or 1'96. COMPOSITIONS,

CONTING R PILAST C without fine silica, reasonably free from carbonates, and in an extremely fine state of division; and (b) a relatively small amount of some metallic salt of a fatty acid, such,

5 for instance, as steafi gE inc Finel ground silica, talc, or other cate material; ma be substituted for part or all of the clay. en the ingredients enumerated above are used, the proportion of each to be taken and the .method of mixing them together and with the Portland cement are as follows: Eourteen (14) 1parts of aluminum sulfate, five (5) parts 0 dry calcium hydroxidreasonably free from carbonate, eleven (11) 15 parts ofany fine dry clay of plastic proper ties, and two (2) parts of zinc stearate are taken and mixed together. The mixture thus obtained (preferably in pulverulent condition) is added to the Portland cement 2 in the proportionof nine and one-half (9%) pounds of the mixture to three hundred and seventy and one-half (3701;) pounds of dry cement, or approximately one 'part of the waterproofing ingredients to thirty-nineparts of cement, and thoroughlyincorporated therewith by mechanical mixture. It is preferable that the said waterproofing ingredients be mixed together before being added to the cement, in order to make itmore certain that the mixture of ingredients in their proper proportions will be uniformly disseminated throughout the mass of cement, but they may, however, be added one at a time to the cement. The ingredients, whether mixed with the cement singly, or all at the same time, are added to. the cement either during the grinding of the clinker or to the finished cement after it has been ground, or

in any way to insure thorou hand uniform dissemination throughout t e cement. It is entirely feasible, of course, to add the waterproofing ingredients to the Portland cement at the time of making the mortar or concrete, but it is preferable to make the mixture at the factory, since then the prodnot is placed upon the market in such form that an ordinary workman, who has had average experience in the building trades can.

handle the cement and make the mix by following a course of procedurewith which he is perfectly familiar, and without requiring.

special directions about his work.

The uantity of calcium hydroxid men- -1 tioned ereinabove slightly exceeds the '55 precise amount required to produce the maximum colloidal precipitate of aluminum hydroxid, four and two thirds (4%) parts of calcium hydroxid being just sufficient for the reaction with fourteen (14) parts of aluminum sulfate, thus leaving an excess of onethird (1}) of one (1) part of the five (5) parts of calcium hydroxid. This excess, however, is desirable, in order to render it certain that all the aluminum will be precipitated as hydroxid.

Cross Reference es1,se4

After having been mixed with the water proofing ingredients, the cement is ready for use at an time, and it is made into mortar or concrete y exactly the same means that are employed when ordinary Portland cement is 74? used. It is unnecessary to take an precautions'or to perform any steps whic are'not required with ordinary Portland cement; hence, the expense, care, and labor involved in making .concrete or-mortar with the here- 75 indescribed waterproof cement is exactly the same as that required for making mortar or concrete with ordinary cement.

The entire amount of waterproofing material need not in any case exceed two and a half to three per cent. of the combined mixture of the Portland cement and waterproofing ingredients. The character of the eom ponent ingredients is such, and their roportion to the entire volume isso sma that there is no deleterious effect whatsoever upon the Portland cement, and the resence of the waterproofing substances in t e cement impairs neither the keeping qualities .of the ce-v ment before use nor its efficiency when made into mortar or concrete. On the contrary, in addition to making the set concrete permanently impervious to water, these waterproofing ingredients act to some extent as a retarder, thus tending to obviate the necessity for adding gypsum, plaster-of paris, or similar substance to the cement, in order to retard or delay the initial set of the cement when made into mortar, as is now done universally.

This invention, therefore, marks a distinct and ve important advance in the art, and results in the production of an article possessing a far greater degree of utility and a much wider range of application than any 9 cement heretofore known.

Having thus described my said invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

' 1. A process of making a water-proof Portland cement which consists in mixing with the dry raw cement ingredients in a dry mixed state which will form a colloidal h droxid compound ada ted to permeate t e mass when rendered astic. a p 2. A rocess for msilring a water-proof ce-' ment 'ch consists in mixing with the dry "Portland cement a sulfate and an alkaline base which will dis lacethe base of the sulfate and form a co oidal precipitate with the addition ,of water. r l

3. A process of rendering Portland cement water-proof which consists in mixing therewith a compound com rising a sulfate or suifates and an-alkaline ase which is ada 19 to form a colloidal precipitate with sai sulfate or sulfates and permeate said cement.

4. A plllocess of rendering cement waterproof, w 'ch consists in mixing with the cement a plurality of dry substances which,

Examiner when the cement is treated with waterfwill form a colloidal precipitate which will permeate the cement mass.

5. A rocess' of rendering cement waterproof w 'ch consists in mixing with the cement a compound comprising a filler, a sulfate or sulfates, and an alkaline base which r ill form with said sulfate or sulfates a c0lioidal precipitate.

6. A rocess of rendering cement waterproof, which consists in mixing with the cement a., clay of plastic qualities, a metallic salt of one of the fatty acids, and substances which, when the cement is treated with water, form a colloidal precipitate which will permeate the mass to render it impermeable when set.

7. A process of rendering cement waterproof, which consists in mixing the cement with a compfiund comprising a silicate mineral, a meta 9. A water-proofing compound for a cement comprising a clay or mineral silicate of plastic 0 salt of one of the fatty acids, a sulfate or sulfates, and an alkaline base 10. A cement comprising Portland cement and water-proofing ingredients in the re,

spective proportions of thirty-nine to one,

said ingredients comprising fourteen arts aluminum sulfate, eleven arts clay ofCp astic qualities, and five parts 0 calcium hy roxid.

11. A cement comprising Portland cement and water-proofing ingredients, in the respective proportions 0 thirty-nine to one, said ingredients comprising fourteen arts aluminum sulfate, eleven parts clay of p astic qualities, two parts zinc-stearate, and five parts calcium hydroxid, said ingredients adapted when treated to-form a colloida compound which will permeate the cement mass. Y

12. A waterproofing? compound for cements consisting of minum sulfate, calcium hydroxid, zinc stearate, and a clay filler, said aluminum sulfate and calcium hydroxid. being adapted to form a colloidal precipitate which Wlll permeate a plastic cement mass.

In testimony whereof I have afl'ixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' CHARLES MCCORMICK.

I Witnesses: I GLADYS WALTON, EDNA J. GooKEL. 

